
Opposition to the eight-lane Salem-Chennai green
corridor has seen the State government come down hard on protesters.
While the administration, after rolling out a compensatory package,
claims that only a section of landowners is actually protesting and that
it is ready to address all grievances, tensions on the ground continue
to mount by the day.
The tension in the air is palpable when one steps into any of the
villages in Salem district, where a survey for acquiring land for the
Salem-Chennai green corridor is on.
Black flags flutter in the
air, symbolising the resistance to the acquisition. Angry farmers are
adamant that they will not allow decades of toil to come to nought.
The
defiance, coming soon after Thoothukudi erupted over the Sterlite
Copper plant, is another thorn in Chief Minister Edappadi Palaniswami’s
side, especially since Salem is his home district, and at stake are two
Central government-funded projects — the green corridor and the
expansion of Salem airport. Land acquisition for both projects has run
into stiff resistance.
The Union Ministry for Road Transport and
Highways has sanctioned the eight-lane expressway at a cost of ₹10,000
crore. The Kamalapuram airport, on the outskirts of Salem, is to be
expanded by acquiring 570 acres of land.
The 277.3-km eight-lane
expressway, which will begin inAriyanur in Salem and end in Vandalur,
near Chennai, will pass through the districts of Salem (36.3 km),
Dharmapuri (56 km), Krishnagiri (two km), Tiruvannamalai (123.9 km) and
Kancheepuram (59.1 km). When the expressway is opened to traffic, the
travel time between Salem and Chennai will be reduced to three hours. It
takes six hours now, through three existing circuitous routes.
What
started as a minor protest by farmers has turned into a full-blown
movement, with the arrest of farmers, activists and political cadre.
Initially limited to landowners, the protest is now seeing the
involvement of political leaders, as well. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
and the Communist Party of India have announced protests. Human rights
activists are planning a fact-finding mission on alleged police excesses
against landowners and protesters.
While farmers argue that the
37-km stretch from Ariyanur to Manjuwadi Pass on the Dharmapuri district
border — a lush belt of coconut and arecanut farms, paddy and
horticulture fields — will be adversely impacted once the project gets
under way, the State government’s view is that a small group of farmers
is being instigated by social activists and Opposition parties.
Dharmapuri wary
In
picturesque Irulapatty village in Dharmapuri district, Chandra Kumar,
an organic farmer and Siddha practitioner, stands to lose three acres,
his Siddha shed, as well as his house. The proposed highway will cut
through the middle of his land, leaving 1,000 areca trees on one side
and a well on the other. Once the access-controlled highway is built,
Chandra Kumar wonders how he will bring water to his farm from the other
side. Farmers have already been told that no two-wheelers, carts or
livestock will be allowed on the highway. Even before explaining the
salient features of the project and announcing the compensation package
for acquired land, the Salem district administration published the
notification announcing its intention to take over about 1,400 survey
numbers along the given stretch, which included private, patta,
government
poromboke and forest lands.
A large number of
people complain that the police are camping at the villages. The
official machinery seems to have adopted a zero-tolerance approach
towards those critical of the eight-lane project, a few villagers say,
accusing the police of threatening people who question the need for the
project.
K. Balakrishnan, State secretary of the Communist Party
of India (Marxist), said it was an “emergency-like” situation at the
villages along the project route. Cases have been registered against
those who organised meetings of farmers to coordinate the struggle and
those who led the protests against the survey. Some people have been
arrested.
M.K. Selvaraj, district secretary of the Tamil Nadu
Vivasayigal Sangam, affiliated to the CPI, said the deployment of the
police was meant to intimidate people. “This is undemocratic and will
prove counter-productive,” he said, and demanded that the government
give it up.
The government’s response has been in the form of an
assertion by the Chief Minister that the expressway will bring
development to the State.
Prominent among those arrested for
speaking against the project are actor Mansoor Ali Khan, environmental
activist Piyush Manush and student activist M. Valarmathi. The police
have also registered a case against Seeman, founder of the Naam Tamizhar
Katchi.
S. Balaramam, deputy president, Tamil Nadu Vivasayigal
Sangam, Tiruvannamalai district, said, “It is not as though the farmers
will lose only their agricultural lands. These will be acquired along
with their homes. A number of villages will be wiped out, and access to
many others will be cut off.”
Mr. Balaraman and district president
of the association T.K. Venkatesan were picked up by the police on June
20 for organising a meeting of farmers. All of Wednesday, Chandra Kumar
and his family members stood guard over his four-acre plot. When the
surveyors came on Thursday, an alert Mr. Kumar drove them away. When
they returned two hours later, he and a few neighbouring farmers poured
kerosene over themselves and threatened self-immolation.
‘All is well’
Meanwhile,
the administration in Salem claimed that a majority of the people were
ready to cooperate. Salem Collector Rohini R. Bhajibhakare said on
Friday, “Only a minuscule percentage of farmers is opposing the project
that has otherwise elicited overwhelming support.” The government
machinery is prepared to redress all grievances of aggrieved farmers,
she said, and added that about 90% of patta holders extended full
cooperation for the land survey. Only 10% had approached the higher
authorities for enhanced compensation, she claimed.
Batting for
the project, Ms. Bhajibhakare said it would go a long way in
accelerating economic and industrial growth in the entire western belt
of the State. She appealed to the people to extend cooperation for
implementing the project, and said it would bring more benefits to all
sections of society. The Collector said the enhanced infrastructure
would attract more investments to the region and also improve employment
opportunities. “Only a few houses and other structures will be affected
by the project. However, the owners will be getting very good
compensation,” she said.
Kancheepuram Collector P. Ponnaiah said,
“We did receive petitions objecting to the land acquisition, but such
petitions ended up being requests for fair and reasonable compensation.”
There
is widespread apprehension that the expressway is meant to benefit a
few corporate mining majors who want to tap the iron ore reserves in
Salem (Kanjamalai) and Tiruvannamalai (Kalvarayan hills) districts. The
argument that seeks to lend credence to this apprehension is that at
some places between Ayodhiyapattinam and Achankuttapatti, the proposed
road runs parallel to the existing highway, which is only about 50 m
away. Trade and industry, however, welcomed the project. K. Mariappan,
president of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Salem chapter,
said the district was all set to get a defence hub and the expressway
would be of help.
Intent to acquire
The process
of acquiring land for the proposed 277.3-km-long Chennai-Salem highway
is under way, with the issue of a notification under Section 3A of the
National Highways Act, 1956. This means the government has made its
intention clear.
But while the consultant had submitted the draft
feasibility report to the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI),
the details of the project were still being worked out and a detailed
project report had to be prepared next, said NHAI officials. “The
Ministry of Environment and Forests has approved our terms of reference.
We have to submit a compliance report. We will be holding public
consultations explaining the project to the public,” Pawan Kumar,
Regional Officer, NHAI, said.
After several revisions, the land
requirement for the project has been brought down to 1,900 ha from 2700
ha. “Also, a ministry guideline allowed us to reduce the width of the
road from 110 m to 70 m since we would have less than 40,000 passenger
car units of traffic. In forest areas, which run to a length of total 10
km, the width is further reduced to 50 m,” Mr. Kumar said.
“If we
are to expand the popular route via Ulundurpet, around 40,000
structures would have to be removed. The greenfield project does minimal
harm to structures. In fact, in Salem district, a two-km long tunnel is
being constructed to avoid the Jarugumalai forest and urban
settlements,” he pointed out.
Forest land clearance
A
total of 50 ha of forest land is required for the project. As the
corridor will run through reserved forests in at least three districts,
the project has to be cleared under the Forest Conservation Act. At
present, only survey and data collection is being allowed. “Every inch
of diversion of forest land has to be approved,” said a senior officer.
In
Salem district, the project will require about 3.5 acres of land in two
reserved forests. In Tiruvannamalai, it will pass through five reserved
forests and the initial estimate is that it may need over five acres of
forest land. In both districts, there are no major wild animals; minor
carnivores like wild dogs, jackals and foxes are abundant, said
officials. The Principal Chief Conservator of Forests has stipulated
that there should not be any cutting of trees during the survey, sources
said.